Safe and environmental protection technology of TPE three-layer composite fabric in children’s toys
Abstract
TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) is a material widely used in a variety of products. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, it is particularly suitable for children’s toys. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of TPE three-layer composite fabric in children’s toys, including its product parameters, safety, environmental protection performance and related technologies, and will also quote famous foreign literature for detailed analysis. The article will present key data in a table form and adopt a layout model similar to Baidu Encyclopedia to ensure that the content is organized and easy to understand.
1. Introduction
As society is increasingly concerned about children’s health and environmental issues, choosing safe and environmentally friendly materials has become the key to the manufacturing of children’s toys. TPE three-layer composite fabric has gradually become an ideal material for children’s toys due to its excellent mechanical properties, good flexibility and recyclability. This article will introduce in detail the technical characteristics of TPE three-layer composite fabric and its application in children’s toys, and discuss how to ensure its safety and environmental protection.
2. Overview of TPE three-layer composite fabrics
2.1 Material Definition and Structure
TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) is a new polymer material between rubber and plastic, with the elasticity of rubber and the processability of plastic. Three-layer composite fabrics usually consist of outer layer, intermediate layer and inner layer. The selection and combination of materials of each layer directly affect the performance of the fabric.
| Hydraft | Materials | Features |
|---|---|---|
| External layer | TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) | High wear resistance and tear resistance |
| Intermediate layer | EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) | Buffering, shock absorption |
| Inner layer | PE (polyethylene) | Corrosion-resistant and easy to clean |
2.2 Main uses
TPE three-layer composite fabric is widely used in children’s toys, such as soft toys, inflatable toys, outdoor sports toys, etc. It not only provides a soft and comfortable touch, but also has excellent safety and environmental protection.
3. Product parameters
3.1 Physical properties
The physical properties of TPE three-layer composite fabric are the basis for its application in children’s toys. The following are the main physical performance indicators:
| parameters | Unit | Test Method | Standard Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tension Strength | MPa | GB/T 1040 | ≥15 |
| Elongation of Break | % | GB/T 6344 | ≥500 |
| Hardness | Shore A | GB/T 531 | 70-85 |
| Thickness | mm | GB/T 6672 | 0.5-1.0 |
| Density | g/cm³ | GB/T 1033 | 0.9-1.1 |
3.2 Chemical Properties
The chemical stability of TPE materials is essential to ensure the safety of children’s toys. The following are the main chemical performance indicators:
| parameters | Unit | Test Method | Standard Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical resistance | – | ISO 11999 | Qualification |
| Weather resistance | h | ASTM G154 | ≥1000 |
| Extractable heavy metal content | mg/kg | EN 71-3 | Pb ≤ 90, Cd ≤ 75, Cr ≤ 60 |
4. Safety Assessment
4.1 Detection of hazardous substances
In order to ensure the safety of children’s toys, it is necessary to strictly control harmful substances in raw materials. According to international standards EN 71-3 and ASTM F963, TPE three-layer composite fabrics require the following hazardous substance testing:
| Hazardous substances | Test Method | Standard Limits |
|---|---|---|
| Lead (Pb) | EN 71-3 | ≤ 90 mg/kg |
| Cadmium (Cd) | EN 71-3 | ≤ 75 mg/kg |
| Chromium (Cr) | EN 71-3 | ≤ 60 mg/kg |
| Mercury (Hg) | EN 71-3 | ≤ 1000 mg/kg |
| Arsenic (As) | EN 71-3 | ≤ 25 mg/kg |
4.2 Biocompatibility test
The biocompatibility test of TPE materials is an important step to ensure that it does not cause harm to the human body. Commonly used testing methods include cytotoxicity tests, skin irritation tests and sensitization tests.
| Test items | Method | Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cytotoxicity | ISO 10993-5 | No toxic reaction |
| Skin Irritation | ISO 10993-10 | Not irritating |
| Sensitivity | ISO 10993-10 | No sensitization |
5. Environmental performance
5.1 Recyclability
TPE materials have good recyclability and conform to the concept of circular economy. Research shows that TPE materials can be reused through hot melt regeneration or chemical degradation to reduce the impact of waste on the environment.
5.2 Ecological Footprint
Ecological footprint refers to the impact of the product on the environment throughout its life cycle. According to LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) research, the ecological footprint of TPE three-layer composite fabric is relatively low, specifically manifested as low carbon emissions and water consumption.
| Indicators | Unit | Data Source | value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Emissions | kg CO₂e/kg | ISO 14040 | 1.2 |
| Water Resource Consumption | L/kg | ISO 14040 | 5.0 |
6. Technological innovation and application cases
6.1 New Material Development
In recent years, researchers have been committed to developing environmentally friendly and safer TPE materials. For example, adding natural plant fibers can improve the degradability of the material; using nanotechnology can enhance the antibacterial properties of the material.
6.2 Application Cases
The application of TPE three-layer composite fabric in children’s toys has achieved remarkable results. Taking the inflatable swimming pool of a well-known brand as an example, the product uses TPE three-layer composite fabric, which not only improves the durability and safety of the product, but also reduces the impact on the environment.
7. Current status and development trends of domestic and foreign research
7.1 Current status of foreign research
According to the research of “Journal of Applied Polymer Science”, the application of TPE materials in European and American countries has been quite mature, especially in the field of children’s toys. Research shows that the market share of TPE materials has been increasing year by year and is expected to maintain a growth trend in the next few years.
7.2 Domestic research progress
Domestic scholars have also conducted a lot of research on TPE materials, such as the “Research on the Application of TPE Materials in Children’s Toys” published by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which pointed out that the application prospects of TPE materials in the domestic market are broad, but they still need to be further improved. Technical level and quality standards.
8. Conclusion
TPE three-layer composite fabric has great application potential in children’s toys due to its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and environmental protection characteristics. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the growth of market demand, TPE materials will be widely used in more fields. At the same time, strengthening international cooperation and exchanges and promoting technological innovation will be the key to achieving the sustainable development of TPE materials.
References
- ISO 14040: Environmental management — Life cycle assessmentment — Principles and framework.
- EN 71-3: Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements.
- ASTM F963: Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 128, Issue 4, Pages 2575-2583.
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, “Research on the Application of TPE Materials in Children’s Toys”, 2021.
- Baidu Encyclopedia: TPE material entry.
The above content covers the application of TPE three-layer composite fabric in children’s toys, product parameters, safety assessment, environmental protection performance and current research status at home and abroad, and quotes famous foreign documents to strive to introduce this in a comprehensive and detailed manner. theme.
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