In order to solve the problem of static electricity in fabrics, antistatic finishing methods, hygroscopic fiber blending methods, conductive fiber blending or interweaving methods, etc. are mainly used. Among them, the first two methods are limited in application due to durability or environmental conditions, while conductive fiber Blending methods are increasingly being used. Among conductive fibers, organic composite conductive fibers are more widely used due to their similar properties to other fibers, easy blending or interweaving, and easy dyeing.
When organic conductive filaments are used in pure polyester, pure wool, wool-polyester and other fabrics, due to the embedding of conductive fibers, most of the static electricity generated by fabric friction can be discharged by corona or leakage, and there will be no active ash absorption. However, when it is dry and there is a lot of dust in the air, the dust particles settled on the surface of the fabric will concentrate the residual charge after discharge around the conductive fibers, forming gray strips (tracks) around the conductive fibers. Through experiments on various organic conductive fiber filaments, it was found that when the distance is slightly larger, the humidity is low, and there is a lot of dust, gray stripes will appear on polyester fabrics or woolen fabrics, especially dark or light-colored fabrics. Although this dust is easy to wash off, it will affect the appearance. How to solve this problem has not yet been reported. This article takes polyester filament serge as an example to study dust-proof and easy-to-remove solutions.
1Test materials and methods
1.1 Test materials
The material is polyester filament imitation wool serge containing organic conductive fibers; the finishing agents include antistatic agent NX, antistatic agent TS, antistatic agent PTM, softener PBC (amino silicone), softener HWR (epoxy silicone) , softener HWB (polyether bonded silicon), antistatic agent PTM-01. Among them, the active ingredient of antistatic agent PTM-01 is 13%, and the other active ingredients are 15%.
1.2 Test method
The color fastness test is carried out in accordance with relevant national standards.
Crease recovery angle: Use YG541 fabric elastic meter and test according to GB-T3819-1997.
Hydrophilicity test: Test according to AATCC79 method.
Easy stain removal performance test: drop a drop of dirty oil on the surface of the fabric, add a 2kg load on it, and keep it for 10 minutes. Immerse the fabric in distilled water and observe the release of dust.
Anti-dust contamination test method: Use dry fine dust as the source of contamination, pour 5g of dust onto the rubbed cloth, and then gently pull up one side of the fabric. If there are concentrated gray strips on the fabric, it is faulty. If it is contaminated, it will be recorded as “+”; otherwise, it will be recorded as “-“.
Anti-organic dust contamination test method: Use polyethylene fine powder (polyethylene wax dispersant for chemical fibers) as the contamination source, pour 5g of contamination powder onto the cloth, rub it back and forth 10 times with your hands, and then gently rub it Pull up one side of the fabric. If there are concentrated gray stripes on the fabric, it is stained, and it is marked as “+”; otherwise, it is not stained, and it is marked as “-“.
Washing resistance test operation method: This sample uses Y(B)089 fully automatic shrinking machine, using 2kg sample cloth, put all the sample cloth into the machine, use the prepared shirt cloth to make up the weight, and use the standard each time Synthetic detergent 25g. The program number is 4A. The program is for heating washing and rinsing with gentle stirring, the temperature is (50±3)℃, the liquid level is 10cm, wash at this washing temperature for 8 minutes, cool, add cold water to the liquid level of 13cm, and then stir for 3 minutes. ; Dehydrate and then add water to 13cm, then stir for 2 minutes; Dehydrate and then add water to 13cm, then stir for 2 minutes and then dehydrate. Completion of the above procedure is one wash, and the above operation is repeated to test the resistance to 30 or 50 washes.
1.3 Test content
1.3.1 Finishing agent performance sample test
After finishing the fabric with antistatic agent and softener alone, the effect of a single antistatic agent or softener on the elasticity, dust resistance and color fastness of the fabric was investigated. The specific formula is shown in Table 1.
Use brown-green serge, dip and roll twice on a small rolling mill in the laboratory (the liquid padding rate is 65%), dry at 100°C, and then bake at 135°C for 50 seconds. Since the antistatic agent NX needs to be fixed under alkaline conditions, NaHCO3 was added.
1.3.2 Large machine finishing process test
Using brown and green serge, antistatic agents and softeners with better performance were selected in test 1 and carried out optimization tests. Pad rolling on a large machine: one dip and one pad (liquid padding rate 65%), drying at 100°C, and then baking at 135°C for 50 seconds. The specific formula is shown in Table 2.
2Test results and discussion
2.1 Sample test
For polyester filament serge, softeners are usually used during finishing to increase the softness and elasticity of the fabric and improve the feel.
Use the selected antistatic agent and softener to finish the fabric separately. The performance indicators of the fabric after finishing are shown in Table 3. From the wrinkle recovery test results listed in Table 3, it can be seen that the 5# sample treated with the softener PBC shows excellent elastic recovery properties. It is good after baking or after washing 15 or 30 times, which is better than simply using antistatic agent.
From the ash absorption test results in Table 4, sample 4# treated with antistatic agent PTM-01 and sample 2# treated with antistatic agent NX have good effect and light dust absorption, while antistatic agents 1# and 3# are poor.
Based on the above test results, antistatic agents PTM-01 and NX with good performance and softeners PBC and HWB were selected for combined testing, in order to improve the fabric’s color fastness without affecting the color fastness.Flexibility and stain resistance.
2.2 Large sample test
The results of large-scale tests conducted on large-scale production equipment according to the formula in Table 2 are shown in Figure 1 and Tables 5 to 10. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the elastic recovery performance of the antistatic agent NX and the softener HWB used together is significantly worse than other solutions. The antistatic agent PTM-01 used together with the softener PBC or HWB treated the fabric after multiple washings. The elastic recovery performance is significantly better than other solutions.
It can be seen from the color fastness in Table 5 that the fabric treated with antistatic agent NX and softener HWB has wet discoloration in the color fastness to ironing, discoloration in the color fastness to soaping, cotton staining, and color fastness to rubbing. The wet cotton staining in the medium color fastness is worse than that of the other solutions; the fabric treated with the antistatic agent NX and the softener PBC has a medium color fastness to wet cotton staining, a medium color fastness to soaping, and a medium color fastness to cotton staining. The three items of wet cotton staining in the rubbing color fastness are also poor; this may be due to the fixation of the antistatic agent NX in alkaline conditions, which affects the color fastness. However, the various fastnesses after finishing with antistatic agent PTM-01 are relatively excellent, indicating that PTM-01 has less impact on the color fastness of the fabric. From Table 6, it can be seen that the hydrophilicity of the fabric has been greatly improved after finishing, and the mixture of antistatic agent and hydrophilic silicone is better than that of amino silicone. Judging from the surface resistance of fabrics before and after finishing in Table 7, the antistatic agent PTM-01 has good charge leakage performance and good durability. It can reduce the surface resistance of wool-like polyester fabrics by 5 orders of magnitude.
It can be seen from Table 8 and Table 9 that after finishing, the fabric has more durable dust absorption resistance and dust stain resistance, especially when the antistatic agent PTM-01 is mixed with hydrophilic silicone. Table 10 shows that PTM-01 has good stain removal performance after finishing.
2.3 Mechanism analysis
Antistatic agent PTM-01 is a milky white dispersion. Its chemical composition is a compound of polyester polyether compounds and high molecular hydrophilic polymers. It is non-ionic and has a pH value of 1% aqueous solution of 6 to 7. Easily dispersed in water and compatible with anionic, cationic and nonionic additives. The general chemical structure formula of its main component polyetherester is:
The molecule of the antistatic agent PTM-01 contains an ester structure similar to that of polyester. During the heat treatment of the finishing process, one end of the antistatic agent molecule is embedded in the polyester molecule, forming a eutectic or eutectic with the polyester to form a strong bond. . On the one hand, because the PTM-01 molecule contains a large number of hydrophilic groups, it can absorb moisture in the environment, reduce surface resistance, uniformly reduce the surface resistance charge of the fabric, and avoid charging caused by partial discharge or leakage of conductive fiber filaments. Uneven, so there will be no gray channel phenomenon; on the other hand, PTM-01 has a higher molecular weight and has a greater van der Waals force with the fiber, which greatly improves the wash resistance after finishing
3Conclusion
Using highly hygroscopic antistatic agents to treat fabrics can solve the problem of local passive dust staining on organic conductive fiber filament fabrics. By reducing the specific resistance of the entire surface of the fabric, it enhances the electrostatic leakage capability of the entire surface of the fabric to achieve moisture absorption, anti-fouling and easy decontamination. and other effects.
The comprehensive performance of antistatic agent PTM-01 is better than other types of antistatic agents, and its durability is better among the same type of antistatic agents. It is especially suitable for chemical fiber wool-like fabrics; it can reduce the surface resistance of the fabric by 5 orders of magnitude, giving the fabric Good anti-fouling properties, easy stain removal properties and hydrophilic properties give chemical fiber fabrics good comfort. While effectively solving local contamination of organic conductive fiber filaments, it has little impact on the color fastness of the finished product.
PTM-01 is a nonionic compound with good compatibility and can be used in combination with other additives as needed. If it is necessary to improve the softness and elasticity of the fabric, it can be mixed with amino silicone; if it is necessary to ensure easy decontamination and enhance elasticity at the same time When it is soft and soft, it can be mixed with hydrophilic silicone
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